Your carburetors are the critical link in the performance and reliability of your snowmobile. When your carburetors are clean and adjusted properly, your sled will be a rocket and at the same time won't leave you stranded. Keeping your carburetors clean is not difficult once you are familiar with their inner workings.

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Carburetor Function

Ovid's metamorphoses pdf in english. The carburetor is the device that meters and mixes the air and fuel before it enters the cylinder for burning. Not just any air-to-fuel ratio will work, it must be close to optimal for a snappy and responsive engine. There are 3 main adjustments on a carburetor for air-to-fuel ratio. These are the pilot system (pilot air jet and pilot jet) for idle to 1/4 throttle. The jet needle system for 1/4 to 3/4 throttle. And the main jet system for 3/4 to full throttle. All of these systems rely on an orifice of a certain diameter in order to meter fuel or air through them. You will see them up close in photos further on.

When the throttle slide is mostly closed, the jet needle is pushed down into the needle sleeve and it lets by very little fuel. At the end of the sleeve on the bottom is the main jet, so it is effectively shut off. Air and fuel are entering the motor via the vacuum created by the shut slide. The pressure in the carburetor body is lower than the pressure in the float bowl due to the venturi effect, and the fuel is pushed up through the pilot jet where it mixes with air and enters the intake tract on the motor to be burned. The pilot jet is always metering fuel, no matter the throttle position.

The jet needle is a tapered, needle-like device that rises and lowers in the needle sleeve with the slide valve. The needle is fat near the top, and thinner near the bottom. When the throttle is mostly shut, the fat section is in the sleeve and it allows little fuel by. When the throttle is opened, the needle rises and the space between the sleeve and the needle increases due to the taper, allowing more fuel by for the motor to consume. Also at this time the slide valve is rising, allowing more air, so the air-to-fuel ratio is relatively constant, and hopefully near optimum.

When the jet needle pulls all the way out of the sleeve (nearly full throttle), the only thing metering fuel now is the main jet. This is the final stage of fuel metering, and is also the most critical in keeping clean and adjusted properly. When a motor is at full throttle the demands on the mixture being safe are very important. With a lean (higher than optimum air-to-fuel ratio) condition, the motor's aluminum piston will reach its melting point, and begin to disintegrate. With a rich condition (low than optimum air-to-fuel ratio) the motor is quite safe from burndown, but also will run sluggish and be down on power.

Carburetors usually stay clean as long as they are taken care of properly, but many times they are forgotten about. Sludge in the bowls, clogged main jets, dirty pilot jets, and dirty sleeves are common in ignored carburetors. These are very dangerous conditions because they tend to lean out the mixture (plugging an orifice allows less fuel through), bringing the motor dangerously close to burndown.

What follows is a general overview of disassembling and cleaning a Mikuni round-slide type carburetor. These are common on 1990 to 1998 Polaris snowmobiles. While the exact carburetors may differ slightly, they will all have the same basic parts and construction. So let's start!